Energy demand in emerging economies is projected to grow by more than 60 % by 2040, according to data from the International Energy Agency (IEA). Meanwhile, populations in these regions will expand by nearly two billion people, with urbanization driving electricity consumption at unprecedented rates.
Yet these same economies account for less than 20 % of global renewable investment. Financing remains highly concentrated in the OECD, even though the largest emissions-reduction potential lies elsewhere.
This imbalance presents both a risk and an opportunity. If fossil fuels continue to dominate new generation in developing regions, global emissions will rise despite progress in advanced economies. Conversely, if renewables scale quickly across emerging markets, they can lock in low-carbon development pathways, meeting growing demand without repeating the mistakes of the industrialized world.
Simply put: the geography of the future energy system will be decided not in Washington or Brussels, but in Nairobi, Jakarta, Mumbai, São Paulo, and Lagos.